The current circuit board is mainly composed of the following:

1. Line and pattern (Pattern): The line is used as a tool for conduction between the originals. In the design, a large copper surface will be designed as a grounding and power supply layer. Lines and drawings are made at the same time.

Dielectric layer: used to maintain the insulation between lines and layers, commonly known as the substrate.

2. Through hole / via: The via hole can make the lines of more than two levels conduct each other, the larger via hole is used as a component plug-in, and the non-conductive hole (nPTH) is usually used as a Surface mount positioning, used for fixing screws during assembly.

3. Solder resistant / Solder Mask: Not all copper surfaces need to eat tin parts, so the non-tin areas will be printed with a layer of material (usually epoxy resin) that isolates the copper surface from eating tin. , to avoid short circuit between lines that do not eat tin. According to different processes, it is divided into green oil, red oil and blue oil.

4. Legend/Marking/Silk screen: This is a non-essential component. The main function is to mark the name and position frame of each part on the circuit board, which is convenient for maintenance and identification after assembly.

5. Surface Finish: Since the copper surface is easily oxidized in the general environment, it cannot be tinned (poor solderability), so it will be protected on the copper surface that needs to eat tin. The protection methods include tin spray (HASL), chemical gold (ENIG), silver (Immersion Silver), tin (Immersion TIn), organic solder protection agent (OSP), each method has advantages and disadvantages, collectively referred to as surface treatment.

PCB board features:

1. High density is possible. For decades, the high density of printed boards has been able to develop with the integration of integrated circuits and the advancement of mounting technology.

2. High reliability. Through a series of inspections, tests and aging tests, the PCB can be guaranteed to work reliably for a long time (usage period, generally 20 years).

Designability. For various performance requirements of PCB (electrical, physical, chemical, mechanical, etc.), printed board design can be realized through design standardization and standardization, with short time and high efficiency.

3. Productivity. With modern management, standardization, scale (quantification), automation and other production can be carried out to ensure the consistency of product quality.

4. Testability. A relatively complete test method, test standard, various test equipment and instruments have been established to detect and identify the qualification and service life of PCB products.

5, can be assembled. PCB products are not only convenient for standardized assembly of various components, but also automated and large-scale mass production. At the same time, PCB and various component assembly parts can also be assembled to form larger parts, systems, and even complete machines.

6. Maintainability. Since PCB products and various component assembly components are standardized in design and mass production, these components are also standardized. Therefore, once the system fails, it can be replaced quickly, conveniently and flexibly, and the service system can be quickly restored. Of course, more examples can be given. Such as the system miniaturization, light weight, high-speed signal transmission and so on.

Integrated circuit features:

Integrated circuits have the advantages of small size, light weight, less lead-out lines and solder joints, long life, high reliability, and good performance, and at the same time, low cost and easy mass production. It is not only widely used in industrial and civil electronic equipment such as tape recorders, televisions, computers, etc., but also in military, communications, remote control, etc. Using integrated circuits to assemble electronic equipment, its assembly density can be increased by dozens to thousands of times compared with transistors, and the stable working time of the equipment can also be greatly improved.

The difference between PCB board and integrated circuit:

Integrated circuits generally refer to the integration of chips, such as the north bridge chip on the motherboard, and the inside of the CPU is called an integrated circuit, and the original name is also called an integrated block. The printed circuit refers to the circuit board that we usually see, as well as printing and soldering chips on the circuit board.

The integrated circuit (IC) is soldered on the PCB board; the PCB version is the carrier of the integrated circuit (IC). A PCB board is a printed circuit board (Printed circuit board, PCB).

Printed circuit boards are found in almost every electronic device. If there are electronic parts in a certain device, the printed circuit boards are mounted on PCBs of various sizes.

In addition to fixing various small parts, the main function of the printed circuit board is to carry out the electrical connection of the upper parts.

To put it simply, an integrated circuit integrates a general-purpose circuit into a chip. It is a whole. Once it is damaged inside, the chip will be damaged, and the PCB can solder components by itself. If it is broken, you can replace the components.